{"id":10603,"date":"2017-12-15T02:23:12","date_gmt":"2017-12-15T02:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sharifyar.net\/?p=10603"},"modified":"2025-02-09T08:54:41","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T08:54:41","slug":"thesis-example-english03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/thesis-example-english03\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10603\" class=\"elementor elementor-10603\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29a043af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29a043af\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7191f8f0\" data-id=\"7191f8f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26cb793b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26cb793b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"\" data-sourcepos=\"1:1-1:73\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/h2><p data-sourcepos=\"3:1-3:39\">\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"5:1-5:42\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"7:1-7:41\">\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p><ul data-sourcepos=\"9:1-12:75\"><li data-sourcepos=\"9:1-9:105\"><strong>\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"10:1-10:129\"><strong>\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647:<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"11:1-11:109\"><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628:<\/strong> \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"12:1-12:75\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"13:1-13:102\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"14:1-14:116\"><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647) \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"15:1-15:89\"><strong>\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"16:1-16:189\"><strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"17:1-18:0\"><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li><\/ul><p data-sourcepos=\"19:1-19:55\"><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-sourcepos=\"21:1-21:96\"><li data-sourcepos=\"21:1-21:96\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628:<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"22:1-22:118\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647:<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"23:1-23:84\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"24:1-24:115\"><strong>\u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"25:1-25:115\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"26:1-26:85\"><strong>\u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"27:1-27:100\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628:<\/strong> \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"28:1-28:130\"><strong>\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642:<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li><\/ul><p data-sourcepos=\"30:1-30:57\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-sourcepos=\"32:1-42:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"32:1-32:34\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 &#8230; \u0627\u062b\u0631 &#8230;<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"33:1-33:46\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 &#8230; \u0627\u062b\u0631 &#8230;<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"34:1-34:53\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a &#8230; \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"35:1-35:38\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 &#8230; \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"36:1-36:33\"><strong>\u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 &#8230; \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"37:1-37:33\"><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc &#8230; \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"38:1-38:32\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"39:1-39:47\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 &#8230; \u0648 &#8230;<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"40:1-40:39\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 &#8230;<\/strong><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"41:1-42:0\"><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p data-sourcepos=\"43:1-43:15\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-sourcepos=\"45:1-48:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"45:1-45:93\">\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc: <a class=\"traceable-link\" href=\"https:\/\/irandoc.ac.ir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/irandoc.ac.ir\/<\/a><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"46:1-46:76\">\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627: <a class=\"traceable-link\" href=\"https:\/\/irandoc.ac.ir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/irandoc.ac.ir\/<\/a><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"47:1-48:0\">\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646: <a class=\"traceable-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nlai.ir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www.nlai.ir\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p data-sourcepos=\"49:1-49:16\"><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"51:1-51:185\">\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0632\u062d\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"51:1-51:185\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27662\" src=\"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"850\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc.jpg 850w, https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Table of Figures viii<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">List of Abbreviations ix<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Abstract 1<\/p><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Chapter One: Introduction<\/h3><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-1 General Overview 3<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-2 Statement of the problem 4<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-3 Purpose of the study 5<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-4 Theoretical Framework of the Study 6<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-5 Research questions 6<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-6 Research Hypotheses 7<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-7 Significance of the Study 7<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-8 Definition of key Terms 8<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-9 Limitations and Delimitations of the Study 9<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-10 Organization of the Study 10<\/p><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Chapter Two: Review Literature<\/h3><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1 Introduction 13<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-1 The place of Translation Criticism within Translation Studies 13<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-2 The Concept of Translation Criticism 14<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-3 Translation Criticism V.S Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) 16<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-4 Text 17<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-5 Intertextuality 18<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-6 Power relations, Class relations, and Social struggle 21<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-7 Critical Language Awareness (CLA) 22<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-8 Critical Language Study (CLS) 22<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-9 What Is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)? 24<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-10 What Makes CDA Critical? 24<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-11 Stages of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) 25<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-12 Ideology 26<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-13 Location of Ideology 26<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-1-14 Marxism 27<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-2 Animal Farm Studies 29<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-2-1 Roger Fowler 29<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-2-2 Robert Pearce 30<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-2-3 Anthony Stewart 32<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">2-2-4 Peter Edgerly Firchow 32<\/p><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Chapter Three: Methodology<\/h3><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-1 Introduction 35<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-2 Description of Research Methodology 36<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-3 Selection of Corpus 36<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-3-1 English Elements 36<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-3-2 Persian Elements 37<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-3-3 Size of Corpus 37<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-4 Data Collection 37<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-5 Summary of Translation Criticism Approach 37<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-5-1 Micro level 37<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-5-1-1 Lexical Choices 38<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-5-1-2 Grammatical Choices 38<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">3-5-2 Macro level 40<\/p><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Chapter Four: Data Analysis, Research Findings, and Discussion<\/h3><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-1 Introduction 43<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-2 Micro level analysis 44<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-2-1 ideologically significant lexical choices 44<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-2-2 Passivization\/activization 46<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-2-3 Positive\/negative 48<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-2-4 Conclusion 55<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-3 Macro level Analysis 56<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-3-1 Translator\u2019s\/editor\u2019s\/publisher\u2019s,\u2026 judgements, notes and comments 56<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-3-2 Illustrations 58<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">4-3-3 The Graphic Design of the Book Covers 60<\/p><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Chapter Five: Conclusion<\/h3><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">5-1 Summary 63<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">5-2 Pedagogical Implications 64<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">5-3 Suggestions for further Research 64<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">5-4 Conclusion 65<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">References 67<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">English references 67<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Persian References 70<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Site References 71<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Appendix 71<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Persian abstract 72<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Table of Figures<\/p><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Title Page<\/h3><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Figure 4-1: Illustrations of Animal Farm 59<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Figure 4-2: Prototext book cover 60<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Figure 4-3: Metatext book cover 60<\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">List of Abbreviations<\/h3><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">CDA Critical Discourse Analysis<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">CLA Critical Language Awareness<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">CLS Critical Language Study<\/p><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">TQA Translation Quality Assessment<\/p><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Abstract<\/h3><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Translation criticism is one of the most controversial topics in translation studies which has been investigated from different viewpoints by scholars with various backgrounds. The terms translation criticism and translation quality assessment (TQA) \/ translation evaluation seem to have been used interchangeably in translation studies. This research aimed at investigating anti-capitalism ideology of George Orwell\u2019s Animal Farm (1945) as the prototext in Amirshahi\u2019s translation (1389) of it as the metatext. In pursuing this goal, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is introduced as an approach to translation criticism by Farahzad (2007).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">It is based on the idea that unlike translation quality assessment (TQA), translation criticism needs theoretical Framework and deals with what a metatext does in the target society and what it represents. Based on the concept of intertaxtuality, George Orwell\u2019s Animal Farm (1945) and its translation by Amirshahi (1389) are examined in relation to each other and Anti-Capitalism implications of it examined in the target society. The corpus used for analysis in this research was consisted of the whole book of \u201cAnimal Farm \u201d, including five chapters, by George Orwell (1945) and its Persian translation by Amirshahi (1389).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The methodology was based on CDA which is introduced by Farahzad (2007) as an approach to translation criticism which includes microlevel and macrolevel analysis. The results and findings of this study show that translation critisicm is indeed the criticism of the translator and it is related to the effects of translator\u2019s choices in the target society.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Translation Criticism, metatext, prototext, Intertextuality, Anti-Capitalism, Translation Quality Assessment(TQA)<\/p><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Chapter One:<\/h3><h3 style=\"direction: ltr;\">Introduction<\/h3><h4 style=\"direction: ltr;\">1-1 General Overview<\/h4><p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Translation has been practiced from the beginning of human history. Translation has also been discussed from different viewpoints such as linguistic, social, philosophical, and many more. The reason is that the act of translation is involved in more than mere language and it always happens in the political and cultural systems and in history.<\/p><ul><li style=\"direction: ltr;\"><a title=\"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\" href=\"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/thesis-example\/\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><h3><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27663\" src=\"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634-\u0648-\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e-\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647-\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"850\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634-\u0648-\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e-\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647-\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc.jpg 850w, https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634-\u0648-\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e-\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647-\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634-\u0648-\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e-\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647-\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634-\u0648-\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e-\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647-\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647-\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/h3><h3>\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a &#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc&#8221;<\/h3><hr \/><h4><strong>1. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p><hr \/><h4><strong>2. \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06a9\u0633.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h4><strong>3. \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646.<\/li><li><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/li><li><strong>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h4><strong>4. \u0686\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/strong> \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642.<\/li><li><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h4><strong>5. \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li><li><strong>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f ProQuest\u060c Google Scholar\u060c \u0648 Academia.edu \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h4><strong>6. \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631.<\/li><li><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645:<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h4><strong>7. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p><hr \/><h4><strong>8. \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/strong><br \/>\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h4><strong>9. \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f &#8220;Theories of Translation&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;Introducing Translation Studies.&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631.<\/li><li><strong>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/li><li><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc:<\/strong> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h4><strong>10. \u0686\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e:<\/strong><br \/>\u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h3><p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom kksr-disabled\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;10603&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-left: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3195,3201,2294],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3195","category-3201","category-2294"],"modified_by":"admin","views":461,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10603"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27666,"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10603\/revisions\/27666"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spublishers.com\/proje\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}